State Firearms Laws: What You Need to Know

In Texas, you can openly carry a handgun without a permit, but cross into New Mexico and you’ll need a concealed carry license just to transport it in your vehicle. State firearms laws vary wildly, and misunderstanding them can turn a routine traffic stop into a felony charge. Here’s what matters most.

Constitutional Carry vs. Permit States

27 states now allow constitutional carry (permitless concealed carry), but the details differ. Arizona has no restrictions on open carry, while Georgia requires a Weapons Carry License for concealed. States like California and New York maintain strict permitting systems – in NYC, even purchasing a rifle involves background checks, fees, and waiting periods. At GeorgiaFRT, we ship to FFLs in all 50 states, but always verify local laws before ordering.

Assault Weapon Bans and Feature Restrictions

Nine states ban “assault weapons” by name (CA, CT, HI, MD, MA, NJ, NY, WA, DC). Maryland prohibits AR-15s with heavy barrels, while California’s roster bans most modern handguns. Feature restrictions matter – a collapsible stock turns a legal rifle into a felony in some jurisdictions. Our Smith & Wesson M&P15 Sport III ships compliant in 41 states.

Magazine Capacity Limits

Colorado and Vermont limit magazines to 15 rounds, while California, New York and others cap at 10. Some states grandfather pre-ban mags (CT), others don’t (MA). We sell 10/30 pinned magazines for restricted states that function like standard capacity but comply with local laws.

Private Sales and Transfers

Private sales between individuals are legal in most states, but 21 states plus DC require background checks. In Oregon, all transfers must go through an FFL. Always get a bill of sale – we provide free templates with every GeorgiaFRT purchase. Interstate transfers between private parties must use an FFL under federal law.

Transporting Firearms Across State Lines

FOPA protects travelers passing through restrictive states if firearms are unloaded and locked separately from ammo, but local cops may still detain you. Never assume reciprocity – a Florida CCW isn’t valid in South Carolina. Check the ATF’s transport map before road trips with firearms.

Can I carry my gun when visiting family in another state?

Only if your home state’s permit has reciprocity or the destination state recognizes all out-of-state permits. For example, a Georgia WCL is honored in 35 states, but not California or New York. Always verify before traveling.

What happens if I accidentally break a state’s gun law?

Ignorance isn’t a defense. Violations range from misdemeanors (illegal carry in some states) to felonies (bringing a standard-capacity magazine into NJ). Consult an attorney immediately if charged.

How do I check my state’s latest laws?

Bookmark your state police website and the NRA-ILA’s state law tracker. Laws change frequently – Maryland’s HB 824 just expanded prohibited locations in 2026.

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Last updated: April 28, 2026